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	<title>Transliteracies &#187; Hardware Innovations (Historical)</title>
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	<description>Research in the Technological, Social, and Cultural Practices of Online Reading</description>
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		<title>Hardware Innovations (Historical)</title>
		<link>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/research-project/research-clearinghouse-individual/objects-for-study-individual/hardware-innovations-historical/hardware-innovations-historical</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jan 2006 22:39:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Hardware Innovations (Historical)]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[window.document.getElementById('post-394').parentNode.className += ' announcement_post';	Technological innovations from the age of manuscripts through modern codex books and document forms.

	&#171; Back to Objects for Study contents
= available research report
 ]]></description>
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		<title>Woodcut</title>
		<link>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/research-project/research-clearinghouse-individual/objects-for-study-individual/history-of-reading-objects/woodcut-2</link>
		<comments>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/research-project/research-clearinghouse-individual/objects-for-study-individual/history-of-reading-objects/woodcut-2#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Mar 2006 23:01:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[* All Objects for Study]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[* History of Reading Objects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hardware Innovations (Historical)]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[	&#8220;A design cut in relief on a block of wood, for printing from; a print or impression obtained from this; a wood-engraving.? (from the OED. n.)

	Starter Links: [under construction]

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		<title>Stylus</title>
		<link>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/research-project/research-clearinghouse-individual/objects-for-study-individual/history-of-reading-objects/stylus-2</link>
		<comments>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/research-project/research-clearinghouse-individual/objects-for-study-individual/history-of-reading-objects/stylus-2#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Mar 2006 23:00:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[* All Objects for Study]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Hardware Innovations (Historical)]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[	&#8220;1. a. Antiq. An instrument made of metal, bone, etc., having one end sharp-pointed for incising letters on a wax tablet, and the other flat and broad for smoothing the tablet and erasing what is written. 1. Also applied to similar instruments in later use.? (From the OED.n.1,a)

	Starter Links: [under construction]

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		<title>Palimpsest</title>
		<link>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/research-project/research-clearinghouse-individual/objects-for-study-individual/history-of-reading-objects/palimpsest-2</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Mar 2006 22:54:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[* All Objects for Study]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[* History of Reading Objects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hardware Innovations (Historical)]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[	&#8220;1. Paper, parchment, or other writing material designed to be reusable after any writing on it has been erased. b. In extended use: a thing likened to such a writing surface, esp. in having been reused or altered while still retaining traces of its earlier form; a multi-layered record.? (From the OED.n.A,1-2)

	Starter Links: [under construction]
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		<title>Incunabulum</title>
		<link>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/conference-2005/sponsors/incunabulum-2</link>
		<comments>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/conference-2005/sponsors/incunabulum-2#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Mar 2006 22:52:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[* All Objects for Study]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Sponsors]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[	A book printed using moveable type prior to the year 1501 AD.

	Starter Links: [under construction]

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		<title>Hornbook</title>
		<link>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/research-project/research-clearinghouse-individual/objects-for-study-individual/history-of-reading-objects/hornbook</link>
		<comments>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/research-project/research-clearinghouse-individual/objects-for-study-individual/history-of-reading-objects/hornbook#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Feb 2006 22:53:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[* All Objects for Study]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[* History of Reading Objects]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[	15th-18th century chidren&#8217;s primers made of paper, a transparent sheet of animal horn, and a wood base.  

	&#8220;It may not look like one, but a hornbook is really a book. Paper was pretty expensive once and hornbooks were made so children could learn to read without using a lot of paper. A hornbook was [...]]]></description>
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		<title>The Codex </title>
		<link>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/research-project/research-clearinghouse-individual/objects-for-study-individual/history-of-reading-objects/the-codex</link>
		<comments>http://transliteracies.english.ucsb.edu/post/research-project/research-clearinghouse-individual/objects-for-study-individual/history-of-reading-objects/the-codex#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jan 2006 22:36:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tl</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[* All Objects for Study]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[* History of Reading Objects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hardware Innovations (Historical)]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[	Invention and adoption of the codex book:

	The codex form of book &#8211; a &#8220;sheaf of bound pages? &#8211; became prevalent in Europe over the previously popular format of the scroll sometime around the fifth century A.D. In its inception and subsequent technical improvements, the codex revolutionized modern thought to include, among other things, a new [...]]]></description>
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